In Latin America and the Caribbean, population ageing —a demographic phenomenon that is characterized by an increase in the proportion of older persons and the lengthening of the life cycle— presents both opportunities and challenges for public policy. This document presents the report of Latin America and the Caribbean for the fourth review and appraisal of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, 2002. The report analyses the current situation of ageing in the region and the protection of the human rights of older persons, highlighting the institutional progress made. It examines the interlinkages between older persons and development, with a focus on social protection, labour market participation and the promotion of health and well-being in old age. The report also assesses progress in creating age-friendly physical, social and cultural environments, promoting a cultural change and preventing discrimination and violence against older persons. Lastly, it addresses the care of older persons, including long-term and palliative care, with a view to promoting comprehensive care systems that ensure co-responsibility between the State and society and between women and men.