DIGITAL REPOSITORY
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

This article attempts to explain how the innovation process is determined by factors external to the firm, whose productivity is calculated and analysed in terms of systemic innovation factors. To that end, it describes the internal innovation capabilities of firms, which explain variations in their productivity across sectors. The productivity of ...

En este artículo se intenta explicar cómo el proceso de innovación está determinado por factores externos a la empresa, cuya productividad se calcula y analiza en función de los factores sistémicos de innovación. Con ese fin, se presentan las competencias internas de las empresas para innovar, que explican la variación de su productividad por sector. ...

Since the 1970s, Brazilian agriculture has undergone far-reaching changes and has played a major role in agricultural production worldwide. This article assesses the structural heterogeneity prevailing in Brazilian and United States agriculture by studying total factor productivity (TFP), which has increased in both economies, mainly through technologies ...

Because productivity is a determinant of comparative advantages over the medium and long terms, the relationship between productivity, industrial growth and exports of manufactures is coming under increasing scrutiny in studies on development and trade policy. This article analyses that relationship in Brazil, where the rise in industrial productivity ...

This article analyses the pattern of technical change in the Brazilian economy between 1952 and 2008. A Marx-biased pattern of labour-saving and capital-using change predominated in the period under study. Three phases in the dynamism of technical change can be distinguished, however. The first, from 1952 to 1973, was highly dynamic. In the second, ...

La economía brasileña, tradicionalmente una de las más cerradas de América Latina, fue finalmente abierta al comercio internacional entre 1988 y 1994. El impacto de una exposición muchísimo mayor al comercio internacional resultó muy diferente de lo previsto, tanto por los defensores como los críticos de la apertura. El presente artículo trata de ...