The multiple inequalities historically experienced by women of African descent in Latin America and the Caribbean form part of a complex system of structural discrimination handed down from the colonial era of slavery. Analysis of the effects of intersecting forms of discrimination in the region shows that most Afrodescendent women still lack the socioeconomic resources and power they need to attain physical, economic and decision-making autonomy. In order to link up efforts to combat racism with endeavours to end gender discrimination and achieve Afrodescendent women’s autonomy, society must assume the major challenges involved in ensuring the individual and collective recognition of Afrodescendent women as bearers of rights.