The population and housing census is a major data source that was widely used by Caribbean countries to monitor their progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It also provides a potentially rich source of data for monitoring the progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A Technical Needs Assessment Survey (TNAS) of Caribbean countries to determine their proposed plans and technical needs for the 2020 round of censuses provided a basis for assessing the viability of the census to produce data for the SDG indicators. The results of the TNAS indicate that the majority of the countries are in the initial stages of planning for the 2020 round of censuses. However, many countries identified proposed changes to the census in areas of cartography, the census questionnaire, data capture, data processing, data evaluation, data analysis, and data dissemination. The highest ranked priority areas for technical assistance are in the use of technologies for data capture, data processing, mapping update, and funding. The findings of the assessment indicate that the decennial population and housing census represents a viable source of data in the Caribbean to produce indicators for eleven of the seventeen SDGs.