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Productivity, social expenditure and income distribution in Latin America

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Date
2015-11
Author
Cimoli, Mario
Martins, Antonio
Porcile, Gabriel
Sossdorf, Fernando
UN Symbol
LC/L.4105
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role of institutions and structural change in shaping income inequality. It is argued that while social expenditure and direct redistribution are crucial for improving income distribution, sustainable equality requires structural change to create decent jobs. The relative importance of these variables in different countries is analyzed and a typology suggested. It is argued that the most equal countries in the world combine strong institutions in favor of redistribution and knowledge-intensive production structures that sustain growth and employment in the long run. Both institutions and the production structure in Latin America fail to foster equality and this explains its extremely high levels of inequality. The last decade witnessed significant advances in reducing inequality in Latin America, but these advances are threatened by slow productivity growth and weak structural change.
Abstract
I. Introduction .-- II. The production structure, institutions and income distribution .-- III. The role of institutions .-- IV. The production structure and income distribution .-- V. The political economy of unstable equilibrium .-- VI. A simple model of structural change and redistribution .-- VII. Concluding remarks.
Serie
Serie Desarrollo Productivo No. 201
ECLAC Subtopics
INCOME DISTRIBUTION ; PRODUCTIVITY ; SOCIAL INVESTMENT/SPENDING
United Nations Subtopics
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ; PRODUCTIVITY ; INCOME DISTRIBUTION ; PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ; ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Country / Region
LATIN AMERICA
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/11362/39533
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