This document was prepared by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) on the occasion of the visit by Li Keqiang, Prime Minister of China, to ECLAC headquarters on 25 May 2015. The document has five sections. The first analyses the main features of the international economic context for Latin America and the Caribbean and China. The second examines progress of the economic reforms under way in China and remaining challenges in this regard. The third section offers an overview of the region’s trade and investment relations with China, and the fourth discusses some of the main components of the China-CELAC Cooperation Plan 2015-2019, which was adopted by the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) and China in January 2015. Lastly, the fifth section offers a number of reflections and recommendations for enhancing economic ties between the parties.