Industrial upgrading and cluster development in the medical device and aerospace sectors in Baja California

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cepal.bibLevelDocumento Completo
cepal.callNumberLC/TS.2026/11
cepal.citationThis publication should be cited as: Gereffi, G. and Hamrick, D. (2026). Industrial upgrading and cluster development in the medical device and aerospace sectors in Baja California, Mexico. Project Documents (LC/TS.2026/11-LC/MEX/TS.2026/3). Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.
cepal.docTypeDocumentos de proyectos e investigación
cepal.jobNumberS2600083_en
cepal.regionalOfficeMéxico
cepal.topicEngBUSINESS NETWORKS AND CLUSTERS
cepal.topicEngVALUE CHAINS
cepal.topicEngINNOVATION AND EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION
cepal.topicSpaREDES Y CLÚSTERES DE EMPRESAS
cepal.topicSpaCADENAS DE VALOR
cepal.topicSpaINNOVACIÓN Y DIVERSIFICACIÓN EXPORTADORA
cepal.workareaEngINTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INTEGRATION
cepal.workareaEngPRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY AND MANAGEMENT
cepal.workareaSpaCOMERCIO INTERNACIONAL E INTEGRACIÓN
cepal.workareaSpaDESARROLLO PRODUCTIVO Y EMPRESARIAL
dc.contributor.authorGereffi, Gary
dc.contributor.authorHamrick, Danny
dc.contributor.institutionOpen Society Foundations
dc.contributor.institutionGobierno del Estado de Baja California. Secretaría de Economía e Innovación
dc.coverage.spatialEngMEXICO
dc.coverage.spatialSpaMEXICO
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-25T19:10:05Z
dc.date.available2026-03-25T19:10:05Z
dc.date.issued2026-03-25
dc.description.abstractThis report examines the development and upgrading prospects of the medical device and aerospace clusters in Baja California, Mexico within the context of global value chains (GVCs). Prepared for the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the Government of Baja California, the study applies two complementary analytical frameworks: cluster development, which highlights the differentiated roles of firms within local production systems, and GVC analysis, which emphasizes how global lead firms, governance structures, and standards shape upgrading trajectories. The analysis finds that Baja California has experienced a marked process of industrial transformation over the past two decades. Building on capabilities developed in consumer electronics and other export-oriented industries, the region has consolidated its position as a strategic nearshoring platform for advanced manufacturing serving North American markets. The medical devices cluster has reached significant scale, employing approximately 100,000 workers and hosting a dense concentration of multinational firms. While production remains focused on manufacturing and assembly, evidence of process, product, and functional upgrading is observed, particularly in areas such as sterilization services, automation, and selected design and engineering activities. The aerospace cluster follows a distinct development path. Rather than being organized around a few flagship firms, it is shaped by multiple Tier-1 and Tier-2 companies operating under stringent certification and quality regimes. This distributed structure has supported diversification but also underscores the need for strong coordination mechanisms, including industry associations, logistics platforms, and workforce certification systems. Drawing on comparative international experiences, the report highlights the role of targeted public policies in supporting upgrading through supplier development, skills formation, institutional coordination, and environmental performance. The findings emphasize that sustained competitiveness depends on aligning economic upgrading with social upgrading—through improved job quality and skill development—and environmental upgrading, particularly in regulation-intensive sectors. The study concludes that an integrated productive development approach is essential for strengthening local capabilities, increasing value capture, and supporting inclusive and sustainable industrial development in Baja California, Mexico.
dc.description.tableOfContentsAbstract .-- I. Complementary frameworks for Baja California’s industrial growth: cluster development and GVC analysis .-- II. Precursors of contemporary clusters in Baja California .-- III. The medical devices cluster in Baja California, Mexico .-- IV. The aerospace cluster in Baja California, Mexico .-- V. Lessons for medical devices upgrading from comparative cases .-- VI. Lessons for aerospace upgrading from comparative cases .-- VII. Recommendations for Baja California policymakers .-- VIII. Conclusion.
dc.formatTexto
dc.format.extent83 pages
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.unSymbolLC/TS.2026/11
dc.identifier.unSymbolLC/MEX/TS.2026/3
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11362/87055
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherECLAC
dc.publisher.placeSantiago
dc.relation.isPartOfSeriesDocumentos de Proyectos
dc.subject.unbisEngINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject.unbisEngINDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION
dc.subject.unbisEngAEROSPACE INDUSTRY
dc.subject.unbisEngMEDICAL SUPPLIES
dc.subject.unbisEngINDUSTRIAL POLICY
dc.subject.unbisEngCASE STUDIES
dc.subject.unbisSpaDESARROLLO INDUSTRIAL
dc.subject.unbisSpaORGANIZACION INDUSTRIAL
dc.subject.unbisSpaINDUSTRIA AEROESPACIAL
dc.subject.unbisSpaSUMINISTROS MEDICOS
dc.subject.unbisSpaPOLITICA INDUSTRIAL
dc.subject.unbisSpaESTUDIOS DE CASOS
dc.titleIndustrial upgrading and cluster development in the medical device and aerospace sectors in Baja California
dc.type.coarlibro
dc.usergrouppubweb
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication07a749eb-08c6-4612-8209-52c892c92e3e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication52e3bcca-ac9e-4a1a-9350-7f07dbb67094
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery07a749eb-08c6-4612-8209-52c892c92e3e
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