The transformation of the North American apparel industry: is NAFTA a curse or a blessing?

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cepal.bibLevelDocumento Completo
cepal.callNumberINT UN/IN 51(84/2000)
cepal.callNumberLC/L.1420-P
cepal.divisionEngProduction, Productivity and Management Division
cepal.divisionSpaDivisión de Desarrollo Productivo y Empresarial
cepal.docTypeSeries
cepal.idSade5630
cepal.jobNumberS00090737 E
cepal.physicalDescriptiondiagramas, tablas
cepal.regionalOfficeSantiago
cepal.saleNumber00.II.G.103
cepal.topicEngINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
cepal.topicEngTRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES
cepal.topicEngINTERNATIONAL TRADE
cepal.topicEngTRADE POLICY AND TRADE AGREEMENTS
cepal.topicEngREGIONAL INTEGRATION
cepal.topicEngBUSINESS STRATEGIES
cepal.topicSpaDESARROLLO INDUSTRIAL
cepal.topicSpaCOMERCIO DE BIENES Y SERVICIOS
cepal.topicSpaCOMERCIO INTERNACIONAL
cepal.topicSpaPOLÍTICA COMERCIAL Y ACUERDOS COMERCIALES
cepal.topicSpaINTEGRACIÓN REGIONAL
cepal.topicSpaESTRATEGIAS EMPRESARIALES
cepal.workareaEngINTERNATIONAL TRADE AND INTEGRATION
cepal.workareaEngSTATISTICS
cepal.workareaSpaCOMERCIO INTERNACIONAL E INTEGRACIÓN
cepal.workareaSpaESTADÍSTICAS
dc.contributor.authorGereffi, Gary
dc.contributor.entityNU. CEPAL. División de Desarrollo Productivo y Empresarial
dc.coverage.spatialEngCARIBBEAN REGION
dc.coverage.spatialEngCENTRAL AMERICA
dc.coverage.spatialEngMEXICO
dc.coverage.spatialEngNORTH AMERICA
dc.coverage.spatialSpaAMERICA CENTRAL
dc.coverage.spatialSpaAMERICA DEL NORTE
dc.coverage.spatialSpaCARIBE
dc.coverage.spatialSpaMEXICO
dc.date.accessioned2014-01-02T15:29:38Z
dc.date.available2014-01-02T15:29:38Z
dc.date.issued2000-10
dc.descriptionIncludes bibliography
dc.description.abstractAbstract The article uses the global commodity chains framework to explain the transformations in production, trade and corporate strategies that altered the global apparel industry over the past decades and changed the conditions for industrial upgrading. The apparel industry is identified as a buyer-driven commodity chain that contains three types of lead firms: retailers, marketers and branded manufacturers. As apparel production has become globally dispersed and competition between these firms has intensified, each type of lead firm has developed extensive global sourcing capabilities. While 'de-verticalizing' out of production, they are fortifying their activities in the high value-added design and marketing segments of the apparel chain, leading to a blurring of the boundaries between these firms and a realignment of interests within the chain.Industrial upgrading in the global apparel industry is primarily associated with the shift from assembly to full-package production. Compared with the mere assembly of imported inputs, full-package production fundamentally changes the relationship between buyer and supplier in a direction that gives far more autonomy and learning potential for industrial upgrading to the supplying firm. Full-package production is needed because the retailers and marketers that order the garments do not know how to make them. Particular places such as the East Asian newly industrializing economies of Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, and the People's Republic of China have used the full-package role to create an enduring edge in export-oriented development. However, the North American Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Mexico, along with a relative decline in the importance of East Asian apparel exports to the United States, has now created favourable conditions for the extension of full-package production to the North American setting.The article proposes the distinction between three new patterns or models of competition in the North American market: the East Asian, Mexican and Caribbean Basin models. Each model presents different perspectives and challenges for industrial upgrading. The United States continues to define the terms of change, and US firms lead the process toward mass customization and agile manufacturing. Mexico needs to develop new and better networks in order to compete with East Asian suppliers for the US full-package market. The Caribbean Basin model, almost exclusively limited to assembly, would have to develop networks with US retailers and marketers if they were to acquire the skills and resources needed to move into the more diversified activities associated with full-package production. Given the power shifts that are occurring among North American textile, apparel and retail firms, a key question is: Who will be the main organizing agents in modernizing the region's apparel commodity chain? The notion of organizing agents refers to those firms, foreign and domestic, that could enhance the competitiveness of the apparel sector in Mexico and the Caribbean Basin through backward or forward linkages with major producers and retailers. Large firms in different segments of the apparel chain, mainly from the United States, are all vying to become co-ordinating agents in new North American networks that have focused on strengthening Mexico's capabilities to carry out full-package supply. However, the extension of NAFTA-parity to the Caribbean Basin will provide new opportunities for those firms to compete with Mexico on a more equal footing.""
dc.formatTexto
dc.format.extent53 páginas.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.isbn9211212758
dc.identifier.unSymbolLC/L.1420-P
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11362/4459
dc.language.isoeng
dc.physicalDescription53 p. : diagrs., tabls.
dc.publisherECLAC
dc.publisher.placeSantiago
dc.relation.isPartOfSeriesSerie Desarrollo Productivo
dc.relation.isPartOfSeriesNo84
dc.rights.coarDisponible
dc.subject.unbisEngMODELS
dc.subject.unbisEngCLOTHING INDUSTRY
dc.subject.unbisEngECONOMIC SYSTEMS
dc.subject.unbisEngEVALUATION
dc.subject.unbisEngEXPORTS
dc.subject.unbisEngINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject.unbisEngINDUSTRIAL RESTRUCTURING
dc.subject.unbisEngMARKET ACCESS
dc.subject.unbisEngMARKETING
dc.subject.unbisEngPRODUCTION DIVERSIFICATION
dc.subject.unbisEngTEXTILE INDUSTRY
dc.subject.unbisEngNAFTA
dc.subject.unbisEngTRADE IN SERVICES
dc.subject.unbisSpaNAFTA
dc.subject.unbisSpaMODELOS
dc.subject.unbisSpaACCESO AL MERCADO
dc.subject.unbisSpaCOMERCIALIZACION
dc.subject.unbisSpaDESARROLLO INDUSTRIAL
dc.subject.unbisSpaDIVERSIFICACION DE LA PRODUCCION
dc.subject.unbisSpaEVALUACION
dc.subject.unbisSpaEXPORTACIONES
dc.subject.unbisSpaINDUSTRIA DEL VESTIDO
dc.subject.unbisSpaINDUSTRIA TEXTIL
dc.subject.unbisSpaREESTRUCTURAMIENTO INDUSTRIAL
dc.subject.unbisSpaSISTEMAS ECONOMICOS
dc.subject.unbisSpaCOMERCIO DE SERVICIOS
dc.titleThe transformation of the North American apparel industry: is NAFTA a curse or a blessing?
dc.type.coarlibro
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication07a749eb-08c6-4612-8209-52c892c92e3e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery07a749eb-08c6-4612-8209-52c892c92e3e
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