This issue analyses data on investments in Latin American road infrastructure between 2007 and 2015, examines the subsector’s evolution and emphasizes the negative repercussions of accident fatalities and carbon emissions. It aims to raise awareness about the importance of this mode of transport in the region and to underscore the need for socioeconomic evaluations of road projects and for additional, better and more transparent data and information on the sector, using a cross-cutting approach in pursuit of sustainable development.