Tourism life cycle, tourism competitiveness and upgrading strategies in the Caribbean

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cepal.bibLevelDocumento Completo
cepal.callNumberLC/CAR/L.166
cepal.docTypeDocumentos de Organos Subsidiarios
cepal.docTypeDocumentos de proyectos e investigación
cepal.jobNumberLCCARL166_en
cepal.physicalDescriptionilustraciones
cepal.regionalOfficePuerto España
cepal.topicEngTOURISM
cepal.topicSpaTURISMO
cepal.workareaEngSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
cepal.workareaEngSTATISTICS
cepal.workareaSpaDESARROLLO SOCIAL
cepal.workareaSpaESTADÍSTICAS
dc.contributor.entityNU. CEPAL. Sede Subregional para el Caribe
dc.coverage.spatialEngCARIBBEAN REGION
dc.coverage.spatialSpaCARIBE
dc.date.accessioned2015-07-28T17:45:16Z
dc.date.available2015-07-28T17:45:16Z
dc.date.issued2008-11-27
dc.description.abstractIn the 1980s Butler adapted the life cycle product model to the tourism industry and created the “Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model”. The model recognizes six stages in the tourism product life cycle: exploration, investment, development, consolidation, stagnation and followed, after stagnation, by decline or revitalization of the product. These six stages can in turn be regrouped into four main stages. The Butler model has been applied to more than 30 country cases with a wide degree of success. De Albuquerque and Mc Elroy (1992) applied the TALC model to 23 small Caribbean island States in the 1990s. Following De Albuquerque and Mc Elroy, the TALC is applied to the 32 member countries of the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) (except for Cancun and Cozumel) to locate their positions along their tourism life-cycle in 2007. This is done using the following indicators: the evolution of the level, market share and growth rate of stay-over arrivals; the growth rate and market share of visitor expenditures per arrival and the tourism styles of the destinations, differentiating between ongoing mass tourism and niche marketing strategies and among upscale, mid-scale and low-scale destinations. Countries have pursued three broad classes of strategies over the last 15 years in order to move upward in their tourism life cycle and enhance their tourism competitiveness. There is first a strategy that continues to rely on mass-tourism to build on the comparative advantages of “sun, sand and sea”, scale economies, all-inclusive packages and large amounts of investment to move along in Stage 2 or Stage 3 (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico). There is a second strategy pursued mainly by very small islands that relies on developing specific niche markets to maintain tourism competitiveness through upgrading (Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos), allowing them to move from Stage 2 to Stage 3 or Stage 3 to a rejuvenation stage. There is a third strategy that uses a mix of mass-tourism, niche marketing and quality upgrading either to emerge onto the intermediate stage (Trinidad and Tobago); avoid decline (Aruba, The Bahamas) or rejuvenate (Barbados, Jamaica and the United States Virgin Islands). There have been many success stories in Caribbean tourism competitiveness and further research should aim at empirically testing the determinants of tourism competitiveness for the region as a whole.
dc.description.tableOfContents.--I. Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) Model and Concurrent Tourism Strategies.--II. Tourism Competitiveness and Tourism Performance in the Caribbean.--III. Tourism Life Cycle in the Caribbean: From Mass Tourism to Upgrading.--IV. Concluding Remarks
dc.formatTexto
dc.format.extent57 páginas.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.unSymbolLC/CAR/L.166
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11362/38717
dc.language.isoeng
dc.physicalDescription57 p. : ill.
dc.publisherECLAC, Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
dc.publisher.placePort-of-Spain
dc.rights.coarDisponible
dc.subject.unbisEngTOURISM
dc.subject.unbisEngTOURISM DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject.unbisEngDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
dc.subject.unbisSpaTURISMO
dc.subject.unbisSpaFOMENTO DEL TURISMO
dc.subject.unbisSpaESTRATEGIAS DEL DESARROLLO
dc.titleTourism life cycle, tourism competitiveness and upgrading strategies in the Caribbean
dc.type.coarcontribución a congreso
dc.type.coarlibro
dspace.entity.typePublication
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Sede Subregional de la CEPAL para el Caribe (Estudios e Investigaciones)