The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean must urgently step up resource mobilization for development to avoid a third lost decade, amid a challenging and grim global landscape. This edition of the Economic Survey for Latin America and the Caribbean summarizes the key messages presented by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) —along with the countries of the region— at the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development, held in Seville, Spain, in 2025. This Economic Survey analyses three key dimensions of resource mobilization: fiscal and structural challenges that curb domestic resource mobilization; the growing gap in financing for productive transformation, which must be addressed through international financial architecture reform and efforts to attract private resources; and the strategic role of development banks in directing financing towards key productive sectors. The document underscores that achieving sustainable development will require transformative fiscal policy, stronger private investment and renewed international cooperation, along with robust and agile institutions. Its analysis and recommendations provide a road map for meeting the goals of the Sevilla Commitment and for managing vital transformations in the region’s development models.