In the context of this study, the Amazon region is not just a diverse combination of biomes that is of great structural importance given its contribution to the environment and climate; it is also home to more than 50 million people. To enable better understand the living conditions and various needs and vulnerabilities of Amazonian peoples, this document analyses sociodemographic inequality gaps among the population living in the territories of the Amazon region. An analysis of sociodemographic indicators taken from population censuses and household surveys of member countries of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO) shows that poverty and inequality are higher in the Amazon regions than in other areas of those countries. The study also highlights the heterogeneity of the population in the Amazon region, which is made up of diverse groups, including Afrodescendants and Indigenous Peoples, and is highly urbanized.