Lithium is one of the key elements in the energy transition. Until now it has been an essential input in the production of lithium-ion batteries —a key technology for the decarbonization of transport and the storage of energy generated from renewable sources. Lithium is also considered a strategic resource by countries that have abundant lithium deposits. In Latin America, Argentina, Chile and the Plurinational State of Bolivia stand out for their deposits, forming the “lithium triangle”, while Brazil, Mexico and Peru, with smaller deposits, also have the potential to produce significant amounts.