This paper proposes to develop a balance-of-payments-constrained growth model to analyse the importance of the relationship between real exchange rate misalignment and the share of industry in output. Building on the work of Gabriel, Jayme and Oreiro (2016), the model is expanded to address: (i) the influence of price competitiveness on net exports; (ii) capital mobility; (iii) nominal exchange rate flexibility; (iv) the nominal wage as a fraction of the value of labour productivity; and (v) a quadratic relationship between the growth rate of the share of industry in output and exchange-rate misalignment. An important result is that both flexible and fixed exchange rate regimes are compatible with a balanced growth path.