This document provides elements of analysis for ECLAC Member States so that they can evaluate the current situation in Latin America and the Caribbean with respect to health, sexual and reproductive health and mortality; examine the region's accomplishments in this area vis-à-vis the principal agreements, recommendations and goals that are now in effect; identify the problems that continue to pose challenges; and be alert to the new challenges they face due to demographic and epidemiological changes in the region as well as the possible consequences of the most recent crises.