This document is the report of the Second Regional Seminar on Social Development “Social security and protracted crisis: an opportunity to combat inequality in the framework of a welfare state in Latin America and the Caribbean”. This seminar was organised by the Social Development Division of ECLAC in collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) and in partnership with the German Cooperation and the European Union’s Transitional Development Facility Project,1 and was held on 30 and 31 August and 1 September 2022. In its second version, the Regional Seminar focused on providing a space of dialogue and reflection on social security systems in the region, with a attention on diagnoses, challenges and strategic orientations for reform processes and restructuring of pension and health systems. As a backdrop, there is an uncertain context of recovery and the need to consolidate full guarantees for the exercise of social rights in the countries of the region.