Two decades of adjustment and agricultural development in Latin America and the Caribbean

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cepal.bibLevelDocumento Completo
cepal.callNumberINT UN/IN 51(81/2000)
cepal.callNumberLC/L.1380-P
cepal.divisionEngProduction, Productivity and Management Division
cepal.divisionSpaDivisión de Desarrollo Productivo y Empresarial
cepal.docTypeSeries
cepal.jobNumberS0005474 E
cepal.physicalDescriptiondiagramas, tablas
cepal.projectProyecto Crecimiento, Empleo y Equidad: América Latina en los Años Noventa HOL/97/6034
cepal.regionalOfficeSantiago
cepal.saleNumber00.II.G.54
cepal.topicEngTERMS OF TRADE
cepal.topicEngAGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
cepal.topicEngTRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES
cepal.topicSpaTÉRMINOS DE INTERCAMBIO
cepal.topicSpaAGRICULTURA Y DESARROLLO RURAL
cepal.topicSpaCOMERCIO DE BIENES Y SERVICIOS
cepal.workareaEngECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
cepal.workareaEngSTATISTICS
cepal.workareaSpaDESARROLLO ECONÓMICO
cepal.workareaSpaESTADÍSTICAS
dc.contributor.authorSpoor, Max
dc.contributor.entityNU. CEPAL
dc.contributor.entityNU. CEPAL. División de Desarrollo Productivo y Empresarial
dc.contributor.entityPaíses Bajos. Gobierno
dc.coverage.spatialEngLATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
dc.coverage.spatialSpaAMERICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE
dc.date.accessioned2014-01-02T15:29:39Z
dc.date.available2014-01-02T15:29:39Z
dc.date.issued2000-11
dc.descriptionIncludes bibliography
dc.description.abstractIntroduction (first paragraphs of the introduction) This paper analyses two decades of economic adjustment in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on its impact on the agricultural (and in some cases, the rural) sector. A critical evaluation of the dramatic structural changes that took place in the region is merited in the face of the new international financial crisis that is affecting the continent, especially since the agricultural sector has not been given sufficient significance in the reform process. The context of such an analysis gradually changed during the 1990s. The Washington Consensus, which was previously predominant among the international financial institutions (IFIs), gave primary importance to the correction of relative prices; it has been complemented or partly replaced by neo-institutional and even neo-structuralist ideas, in view of the continuing existence of serious market failures and the negative effects of over-adjustment in relation to the so-called 'minimal state' (Killick, 1989, 1995; Streeten, 1993; ECLAC, 1996; Ramos, 1997). This paper's analysis of the effects of adjustment on the agricultural sector contributes to a more qualified view of the overall process of reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean not only by investigating concretely the sectoral impact, but also by comparing original assumptions and expectations with implemented reforms and outcomes.The import substitution industrialization (ISI) model, which was implemented throughout much of the region during the post-war period until the early 1980s, discriminated against agriculture through exchange rate overvaluation, export taxes, protection of the industrial sector and direct market interventions. In particular, the overvaluation of the exchange rates was related to a spur in imports during the 1970s, while the interventionist price policies were blamed for causing reduced growth and poor export performance (Krueger and others, 1991). The agricultural sector did reasonably well in the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s, however, as price discrimination was combined with a substantial package of support measures (e.g., public investment, subsidized credit and agricultural services). This paper demonstrates that the assumed bad performance of the sector during the 1980s (the so-called lost decade) has to be qualified in view of the available macroeconomic and sectoral data, in particular with regard to the first half of the 1980s. Substantial differences can be observed between the performance of the macroeconomy and the behaviour of the Latin American and Caribbean agricultural sector, both during and after this period, for the region as a whole and among individual countries. Furthermore, the shift toward an export-led growth model (Weeks, 1995; Bulmer-Thomas, 1996; Thorpe, 1997) did not overcome the so-called paradox of agriculture, in which verbal recognition of the sector's importance in the economy was contradicted by low investment priorities and deficient (or even absent) sectoral policy (Weeks, 1995; Spoor, 1997; Reca and Echeverría, 1998). The paper also seeks to contribute to an overall review of agricultural (and rural) development policies in Latin America and the Caribbean. There is a tendency to focus on economic dynamism in certain sectors, most often those linked to international capital and transnational corporations (TNCs), while ignoring the marginalization of others, including the most populous small farmer and peasant sectors. Although this issue falls outside the main scope of the paper, the analysis points toward a new role for the State, one that does not return to the interventionist agenda, but rather takes a more indirect, albeit activist, public role with regard to this important sector (De Janvry and Sadoulet, 1993; Spoor, 1995, 1997).
dc.formatTexto
dc.format.extent33 páginas.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.isbn9211212685
dc.identifier.unSymbolLC/L.1380-P
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11362/4467
dc.language.isoeng
dc.physicalDescription33 p. : diagrs., tabls.
dc.publisherECLAC
dc.publisher.placeSantiago
dc.relation.isPartOfSeriesSerie Desarrollo Productivo
dc.relation.isPartOfSeriesNo81
dc.rights.coarDisponible
dc.subject.unbisEngAGRARIAN REFORM
dc.subject.unbisEngAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subject.unbisEngAGRICULTURAL TRADE
dc.subject.unbisEngEXPORTS
dc.subject.unbisEngFOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
dc.subject.unbisEngIMPORT SUBSTITUTION
dc.subject.unbisEngSTRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
dc.subject.unbisEngTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subject.unbisEngTRADE IN SERVICES
dc.subject.unbisSpaAJUSTE ESTRUCTURAL
dc.subject.unbisSpaCOMERCIO AGRICOLA
dc.subject.unbisSpaDESARROLLO AGRICOLA
dc.subject.unbisSpaEXPORTACIONES
dc.subject.unbisSpaLIBERALIZACION DEL INTERCAMBIO
dc.subject.unbisSpaREFORMA AGRARIA
dc.subject.unbisSpaSUSTITUCION DE IMPORTACIONES
dc.subject.unbisSpaTIPOS DE CAMBIO
dc.subject.unbisSpaCOMERCIO DE SERVICIOS
dc.titleTwo decades of adjustment and agricultural development in Latin America and the Caribbean
dc.type.coarlibro
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb195a123-784c-4833-880e-3c8a1914b7db
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryb195a123-784c-4833-880e-3c8a1914b7db
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